Seddon-Sunderland classification

 Nerve injury

 Grade 1: Neuropraxia
  • Conduction disruption with intact axon and preserved supportive structures.
  • Prognosis: normally full recovery in days-weeks without surgical intervention



Grade 2: Axonotmesis
  • Disrupted axon with intact endoneurium; Wallerian degeneration takes place after 1-2 weeks
  • Prognosis: variable recovery, worse prognosis for proximal injuries and injuries who do not successfully re-implant in the muscle within 18 months





Grade 3: Neurotmesis with preservation of perineurium

 Neurotmesis refers to disruption of supporting structures
  • Endoneurium is disrupted
  • Prognosis: 60-80% recovery





Grade 4: Neurotmesis with preservation of epineurium
  • Prognosis: nerve grafting is required





Grade 5: Neurotmesis with complete transection of nerve trunk
  • Prognosis: bypass / jump grafting is required







Reference

http://wiki.cns.org/wiki/index.php/Injury,_Classification


 Nerve Conduction Studies and Electromyography in the Evaluation of Peripheral Nerve Injuries  DIANNA QUAN, M.D. AND SHAWN J. BIRD, M.D.The University of Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Journal 12: 45–51, 1999© 1999 The University of Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Journal