ILAE FCD classification

Focal cortical dysplasias


Type I (isolated)


  • type Ia: abnormal radial cortical lamination
  • type Ib: abnormal tangential cortical lamination
  • type Ic: abnormal radial and tangential cortical lamination





Type II (isolated)
  • type IIa: dysmorphic neurons
  • type IIb: dysmorphic neurons and balloon cells





Type III (associated with principal lesion)


Cortical lamination abnormalities...
  • type IIIa: in the temporal lobe associated with hippocampal sclerosis
  • type IIIb: adjacent to a glioneuronal tumor
  • type IIIc: adjacent to vascular malformation
  • type IIId: adjacent to any other lesion acquired during early life (e.g. trauma, ischemic injury, encephalitis)







Reference



Blumcke I, Thom M, Aronica E, Armstrong DD, Vinters HV, Palmini A, et al. The clinicopathologic spectrum of focal cortical dysplasias: a consensus classification proposed by an ad hoc Task Force of the ILAE Diagnostic Methods Commission. Epilepsia 2011; 52:158-174.