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Anand classification
Thoracic disc disease Grade 1 Predominant thoracic central (axial) pain Grade 2 Predominant thoracic radicular pain Grade 3A Significant axial and thoracic radicular pain Grade 3B Significant axial and lower leg pain with or without thoracic radicular pain Grade 4 Myelopathy but not significant motor weakness Grade 5 Paretic or paralytic (significant motor weakne ss) Reference Anand N, Regan JJ. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for thoracic disc disease: Classification and outcome study of 100 consecutive cases with a 2-year minimum follow-up period. Spine. 2002 Apr. 15;27(8):871-879. |
